AI is proving effective at finding and exploiting vulnerabilities. Some say this will make it harder for governments to use hacking tools and spyware and could reignite calls to backdoor devices.

While the summit appeared cordial, China remains a key adversary of the United States, given its advanced intelligence and espionage capabilities.

The U.S. top court is expected to rule on whether to allow police to identify criminal suspects by dragnet searching the databases of tech giants.