An SSD controller is a complicated device with many components assembled together as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The primary “brains” is a microcontroller unit (MCU) that coordinates the various elements needed for an SSD to operate, bridging the gap between the host and the flash memory.
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- MCU architecture (RISC, ARM/ARC)
- Error correction (ECC)
- Security and encryption (XOR)
- Flash Translation Layer (FTL)
- Volatile memory and buffers (SRAM, DRAM)
- Interfaces (host, NAND)
- NAND controller
- Compression
- Wear management
- Power management